Ingingo ya 1 y'ingamba z'inganda z'imashini z'ubwubatsi: umuyaga cyangwa ibendera? Ibikoresho by'imashini z'ubwubatsi zo mu Buhinde, igikoresho cy'indobo y'injangwe
Muri iyi nyandiko, "umuyaga" yerekeza ku gice cya politiki y'iterambere rihamye, "umutima" yerekeza ku ihindagurika ry'ibiciro by'imigabane y'imashini z'ubwubatsi, naho "ibendera" yerekeza ku mpinduka z'ibanze z'imashini z'ubwubatsi. Dusesenguye impinduka za politiki, imikorere y'amateka y'ibiciro by'imigabane n'amahame y'inganda, tugerageza gushaka isano iri hagati y'ibyo bitatu. Kuva muri Werurwe, umuyaga wa politiki y'iterambere rihamye wagiye urushaho gushyuha, kandi inshuro nyinshi mu mateka, politiki y'iterambere rihamye yagaragaje isano n'igiciro cy'imigabane y'imashini z'ubwubatsi; Muri 2022, icyifuzo cy'inganda z'imashini z'ubwubatsi nacyo cyitezweho kuzamuka gato. Ibikoresho by'imashini z'ubwubatsi byo mu Buhinde, igikoresho cy'indobo y'injangwe
"Umuyaga" wa politiki y'iterambere rihamye waraje.
1) Politiki y’iterambere rihamye iteganijwe gukomeza. Inama y’ubukungu rusange yasabye ko imirimo y’ubukungu muri 2022 igomba kuba ihamye kandi igashaka iterambere mu gihe ikomeje gutuza, igaragaza icyerekezo cy’iterambere rihamye ry’inganda. Kugira ngo hashyirwe mu bikorwa ibyemezo n’amabwiriza bya Komite Nkuru ya CPC n’Inama Njyanama ya Leta kandi hashyirwe mu bikorwa uruhare rw’ubukungu rusange, Komisiyo y’Igihugu ishinzwe Iterambere n’Ivugurura na Minisiteri y’Inganda n’Ikoranabuhanga mu Itangazamakuru bashyize hamwe politiki nyinshi zo guteza imbere iterambere rihamye ry’ubukungu bw’inganda hamwe n’impande zibishinzwe vuba aha, kugira ngo hakorwe neza ingaruka za politiki, hatezwe imbere imikorere ihamye y’ubukungu bw’inganda kandi haharanirwe kugarura umutekano w’ubukungu rusange. Vuba aha, inyungu ku mpapuro mpapuro mvunjwafaranga za Amerika z’imyaka 10 mu Bushinwa zarazamutse, bishobora kongera kuvuka politiki y’iterambere rihamye.
2) Igenzura rijyanye n'ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo rikomeje kugaragara. Ku ya 7 Mata, China Railway yatangaje amakuru y'imikorere y'igihembwe cya mbere cya 2022. Amafaranga y'amasezerano mashya yo kubaka imari ya China Railway mu gihembwe cya mbere yageze kuri miliyari 543.45 z'amayuan, ubwiyongere bwa 94.1% buri mwaka. Amafaranga y'amasezerano mashya yo kubaka imari mu gihembwe cya mbere yageze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu gihe nk'icyo mu mateka. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Gashyantare, igipimo cy'izamuka ry'ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo ryiyongereyeho 8.6% buri mwaka, kandi igipimo cy'izamuka cyarazamutse buhoro buhoro. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Gashyantare, umubare w'impapuro mpapuro zidasanzwe zatanzwe na za guverinoma z'ibanze wageze kuri miliyari 971.9 z'amayuan, ubwiyongere bwa 452.8% buri mwaka; Iterambere ry'itangwa ry'impapuro mpapuro zidasanzwe z'ubuyobozi bw'ibanze ririhuta cyane kurusha mu myaka yashize, kandi gutangiza imishinga minini byitezwe ko bizihuta. Ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi byo mu Buhinde, igikoresho cy'ingofero
3) Politiki yo kugenga imitungo itimukanwa yazanye igabanuka ry’ibiciro. Kuva umwaka utangira, politiki yo kugenga imitungo itimukanwa yakomeje kuba iremereye. Duhereye ku gushyigikira icyifuzo gikwiye cyo kugura inzu no kwagura inyungu z’imishinga y’isoko ry’ubutaka, twazamuye igabanuka ry’ibicuruzwa bidahagije n’ibikenewe ku isoko ry’imitungo itimukanwa. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Gashyantare, ishoramari ryarangiye mu iterambere ry’imitungo itimukanwa ryiyongereyeho 3.7% uko umwaka ugenda uhita, ubuso bushya bw’ubwubatsi bwagabanutseho 12.2% uko umwaka ugenda uhita, kandi ubuso bushya bw’ubwubatsi bwakomeje kwiyongera nabi. Nk’urwego rw’ingenzi mu nganda z’imashini z’ubwubatsi, igabanuka ry’ibiciro by’imitungo itimukanwa ryitezweho gukomeza kongera ibiciro mu nganda z’imashini z’ubwubatsi.
Uburyo bwo kwimura "umutima" w'igiciro cy'imigabane y'imashini z'ubwubatsi
1) Politiki nyinshi z’iterambere rihamye mu mateka zatumye igiciro cy’imigabane mu rwego rw’imashini z’ubwubatsi kizamuka. Iyo urebye inyuma mu myaka icumi ishize, Ubushinwa bwagize ibyiciro bitanu by’iterambere rihoraho mu myaka ya 2008-2009, 2012, 2014-2015, 2018-2019 na 2020.
Dufashe urugero rwa Sany Heavy Industry, izamuka n'igabanuka rikomeye ry'imigabane ya Sany mu bihe bitanu byavuzwe haruguru ryari 89.5%, 22.3%, 118.0%, 60.3% na 148.2% uko bikurikirana, naho izamuka n'igabanuka ry'urwego ryari 49.3%, - 13.9%, - 24.2%, 52.7% na 146.9% uko bikurikirana.
Biragaragara ko politiki y’iterambere rirambye yagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura igiciro cy’imigabane mu rwego rw’imashini z’ubwubatsi.
2) Imashini z'ubwubatsi ziracyashobora gufata ishoramari ryiza mu gihe cyo kugabanuka kw'imigabane. Twibanda ku gusesengura imiterere y'imigabane ya Sany Heavy Industry mu gihe cyo kugabanuka kw'imigabane mu nganda z'ubwubatsi kuva mu 2012 kugeza 2016, ibi bikaba bishobora kugira akamaro ku ishoramari muri iki cyiciro:
Mu mateka, politiki y’izamuka rirambye yagize ingaruka nziza ku giciro cy’imigabane ya Sany Heavy Industry, kandi amahirwe meza y’ishoramari aracyashobora kugaragara mu gihe cyo kugabanuka kw’imigabane. Twizera ko aho umusaruro ugarukira, aho umurongo ugarukira n’aho umurongo uteganyijwe wo kugabanuka ari byo by’ingenzi mu gusuzuma imikorere y’imigabane mu rwego rw’imashini z’ubwubatsi; Impinduka zitezwe ku mabwiriza zishobora gutuma igiciro cy’imigabane gihita gisubizwa hakiri kare, kandi imikorere ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’uko igabanuka ry’imigabane rihagaze.
3) Iri kosora ryimbitse ku giciro cy’imigabane mu rwego rw’imashini z’ubwubatsi ryagaragaje byimazeyo icyizere cy’inganda. Kuva mu 2021, ibiciro by’imigabane ya Sany, Zoomlion, XCMG, Hengli n’izindi nganda z’imashini z’ubwubatsi byahindutse cyane, aho igabanuka rya 61.9%, 55.1%, 33.0% na 62.0% kuva ibiciro by’imigabane byarangiye. Kuva mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2021, amakuru y’igurisha ry’umwaka ku mwaka ry’ibicuruzwa by’imashini z’ubwubatsi nk’imashini zicukura, cranes z’amakamyo n’amakamyo akoresha pompe yakomeje kugabanuka. Isoko muri rusange ryizera ko inganda z’imashini z’ubwubatsi zazanye urwego rwo hejuru / rumanuka nyuma y’imyaka itanu izamuka, kandi igiciro cy’imigabane nacyo kigaragaza iki cyizere cy’icyizere. Niba icyifuzo cy’inganda cyitezweho kuzazamuka gato muri 2022, dufite impamvu yo kwitega ko igiciro cy’imigabane kizahagarara kandi kikongera kuzamuka. Ibikoresho by’imashini z’ubwubatsi byo mu Buhinde, igikoresho cy’indobo y’injangwe
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 15 Mata 2022
